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Research and Development Research and Development (R&D) has been a core value for both technological innovation and corporate sustainability for CPC. Three major institutes are responsible for R&D in their respective areas: the Exploration & Development Research Institute (EDRI) in Miaoli, the Refining & Manufacturing Research Institute (RMRI) in Chiayi and the Green Technology Research Institute (GTRI) in Kaohsiung. The EDRI primarily focuses on the analysis of domestic and foreign geological/ stratigraphic data for the evaluation of oil and gas reserves, technological development on exploration, drilling and extraction methodology, environmental monitoring, geothermal resource development and carbon sequestration. The RMRI plays a leading role in the R&D of high value-added petrochemicals, the promotion of the circular economy, pollution control, the improvement of refinery structure or configuration, and resolving on-site production problems. The GTRI is dedicated to R&D related to biofuels, renewable energy and green materials, and is responsible for pilot production on advanced projects. CPC's expenditure on R&D in 2021 amounted to about NT$3.666 billion. The R&D achievements are described below: Exploration & Development Research Institute • Re-evaluated Oryx fields’ Original Oil in Place (OOIP) and reserve based on an updated reservoir structure and 3D geological models. • Evaluated the feasibility of contract extension for Block 17 in Ecuador. • Conducted an analysis of the petroleum system of the Roebuck Basin on the North Western Australian shelf. • Conducted an analysis of the impact of COVID-19 on the shale oil and gas industry in North America. • Planned a road map for carbon capture, utilization and Storage (CCUS) technological development in cooperation with the RMRI and conducted a preliminary assessment of the domestic potential carbon storage sites. • Established casing materials screening technology for the Matsao area, in Yangmingshan, and collected information on strategies for overcoming acid geothermal fluid among different countries. • Assisted the LNG Project & Construction Division in analyzing mud samples from Datan algal reef at the LNG Terminal Reservation Area. • Assisted the Lubricants Business Division in investigating the soil and groundwater samples from the Longtan Oil Depot. Refining & Manufacturing Research Institute • Developed new production processes, including the introduction and evaluation of a new light diesel engine motor oil formulation to meet the European Automobile Manufacturers Association (ACEA) C3 5W/30 standards; the development and application of CPC amorphous soft-carbon in electric-vehicle batteries electrochemical/mechanical hybrid shear exfoliation graphene of artificial graphite; environmentally-friendly precision machinery cutting oil; the on-site application of chemical oxidation technology in Xinguang Community; the development of styrene recycling technology; the establishment of alicyclic polycarboxylate hydrogenation technology; the planning of the trial production process for refined bitumen; and the development and application of magnetic filters and packing technology. • Completed the performance evaluation of commercial gasoline and diesel, heavy-duty diesel engine testing, gasoline and diesel fuel additive cleaning performance tests, and the promotion of natural gas heating value integration and stove specification unification standardization for environmental protection. 36 37